WinRho SDF

Generic Name: rho(d) immune globulin (Injection route, Intramuscular route, Intravenous route)

roe-dee i-MUNE GLOB-ue-lin

Intravenous route(Powder for Solution;Solution)

Intravascular hemolysis (IVH) leading to death has been reported in patients treated for immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with Rho(D) immune globulin. IVH can lead to clinically compromising anemia and multi-system organ failure, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute renal insufficiency, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Alert patients and closely monitor for the signs and symptoms of IVH in a health care setting for at least eight hours after administration for ITP. Perform a dipstick urinalysis at baseline, 2 hours, 4 hours after administration, and prior to the end of the monitoring period. If signs and/or symptoms of IVH are present or suspected, post-treatment laboratory tests should be performed, including plasma hemoglobin, haptoglobin, LDH, and plasma bilirubin (direct and indirect) .

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• BayRho-D


• HyperRHO S/D


• MicRhogam Ultra-Filtered


• Rhogam


• RhoGAM Ultra-Filtered Plus


• Rhophylac


• WinRho SDF

In Canada

• Winrho SDF

Available Dosage Forms:

• Powder for Solution


• Solution


• Injectable

Therapeutic Class: Immune Serum

Uses For WinRho SDF

Rho(D) immune globulin is used to treat immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in patients with Rh-positive blood. ITP is a type of blood disorder where the person has a very low number of platelets. Platelets help to clot the blood. Rho(D) immune globulin is also used to prevent antibodies from forming after a person with Rh-negative blood receives a transfusion with Rh-positive blood, or during pregnancy when a mother has Rh-negative blood and the baby is Rh-positive. It belongs to a group of medicines called immunizing agents. Rho(D) immune globulin works to boost the immune system and prevent excessive bleeding.

The Rh factor is one part of the red blood cell. A person has either Rh-positive or Rh-negative blood. If you receive the opposite type of blood, your body will create antibodies that can destroy the red blood cells. When a pregnant woman is Rh-negative and her baby is Rh-positive, the baby's blood can get into her system and cause her to make antibodies. When the same woman has a second baby with Rh-positive blood, the antibodies will destroy the red blood cells in the baby. Rho(D) immune globulin is given to these women during pregnancy or after delivery to prevent them from making antibodies.

This medicine is to be administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor.

Before Using WinRho SDF

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of Rho(D) immune globulin in children. It is not recommended for an infant with Rh-positive blood whose mother is Rh-negative.

Geriatric

Although appropriate studies on the relationship of age to the effects of Rho(D) immune globulin have not been performed in the geriatric population, geriatric-specific problems are not expected to limit the usefulness of Rho(D) immune globulin in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related heart, kidney, or liver problems, and might have conditions that require an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving Rho(D) immune globulin.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are receiving this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Measles Virus Vaccine, Live


• Mumps Virus Vaccine, Live


• Rotavirus Vaccine, Live


• Rubella Virus Vaccine, Live


• Smallpox Vaccine


• Varicella Virus Vaccine

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Anemia, severe or


• Blood clotting problems, history of or


• Breathing problems, severe or


• Disseminated intravascular coagulation (blood clotting problem) or


• Kidney problems or


• Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

• Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), history of or


• Heart or blood vessel problems or


• Hyperviscosity (thick blood), history of or


• Stroke—Use with caution. May cause side effects to become worse.

• Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (bleeding problem) or


• Hemolysis, active (red blood cells are being destroyed) or


• Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency with antibodies against IgA—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

• Diabetes—The liquid form of WinRho® contains maltose. Some glucose testing systems will not work properly if maltose is in the blood. Discuss this with your doctor.

Proper Use of rho(d) immune globulin

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain rho(d) immune globulin. It may not be specific to WinRho SDF. Please read with care.

A nurse or other trained health professional will give you this medicine in a hospital. This medicine is given through a needle placed in one of your veins or as a shot into one of your muscles.

Precautions While Using WinRho SDF

It is very important that your doctor check the progress of you or your child at regular visits for any problems or unwanted effects that may be caused by this medicine. Blood and urine tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Check with your doctor right away if you or your child have back pain; shaking chills; a fever; dark urine; a decreased amount of urine; a sudden weight gain; swelling of the hands or feet; or shortness of breath after receiving this medicine. These may be symptoms of a serious blood problem called intravascular hemolysis (IVH).

This medicine is made from donated human blood. Some human blood products have transmitted certain viruses to people who have received them. The risk of getting a virus from medicines made from human blood has been greatly reduced in recent years. This is the result of required testing of human donors for certain viruses, and testing during the making of these medicines. Although the risk is low, talk with your doctor if you have concerns.

This medicine may cause serious types of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention. Tell your doctor right away if you or your child have itching, a rash, hives, chest pain, dizziness or lightheadedness, trouble breathing, or any swelling of your hands, face, or mouth after you receive this medicine.

This medicine may cause blood clots, especially in patients with a history of blood clotting problems, heart disease, and atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) or circulation problems. Patients who stay in bed for a long time because of surgery or illness may also have blood clots. Check with your doctor right away if you or your child suddenly have chest pain, shortness of breath, a severe headache, leg pain, or problems with vision, speech, or walking.

This medicine may cause a rare and serious lung problem a few hours after it is given. Tell your doctor right away if you or your child have any breathing problems with or without a fever after you receive the medicine.

While you are being treated with Rho(D) immune globulin, do not have any immunizations (vaccines) without your doctor's approval. Live virus vaccines should not be given for 3 months after receiving Rho(D) immune globulin.

WinRho SDF Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor or nurse immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Rare

• Bloody urine


• decreased frequency of urination or amount of urine


• fever


• increased blood pressure


• increased thirst


• loss of appetite


• lower back pain


• nausea or vomiting


• pale skin


• swelling of the face, fingers, or lower legs


• troubled breathing


• unusual bleeding or bruising


• unusual tiredness or weakness


• weight gain

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

Less common

• Soreness at the place of injection

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: WinRho SDF side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More WinRho SDF resources

• WinRho SDF Side Effects (in more detail)
• WinRho SDF Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• WinRho SDF Drug Interactions
• WinRho SDF Support Group
• 2 Reviews for WinRho SDF - Add your own review/rating

• WinRho SDF MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Bayrho-D full dose


• HyperRHO S/D Full Dose Prescribing Information (FDA)


• MICRhoGAM MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• RhoGAM Ultra-Filtered PLUS Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Rhophylac Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Rhophylac Consumer Overview


• Rhophylac MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)

Compare WinRho SDF with other medications

• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
• Rh-Isoimmunization

Cyclophosphamide

Pronunciation: SYE-kloe-FOS-fa-mide
Generic Name: Cyclophosphamide
Brand Name: Examples include Cytoxan and Neosar

Cyclophosphamide is used for:

Treating certain types of the following cancers: lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, mycosis fungoides, neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, eye cancer, and breast cancer. It is usually used in combination with other medicines. It may also be used to treat certain kidney problems (nephrotic syndrome) in children or for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic. It works by stopping or slowing the growth or spread of certain cancer cells.

Do NOT use Cyclophosphamide if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Cyclophosphamide or to other similar medicines


• you have severely suppressed bone marrow function


• you are in the first 3 months of pregnancy or you are breast-feeding


• you are taking a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-blocking medicine (eg, etanercept)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Cyclophosphamide:

Some medical conditions may interact with Cyclophosphamide. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have an infection, chickenpox, a suppressed immune system, bone marrow suppression or other bone marrow problems, low levels of white blood cells or platelets, or liver or kidney problems


• if you are receiving or have received cytotoxic therapy or x-ray or radiation therapy


• if you have had an adrenal gland removed (adrenalectomy)


• if you are receiving or have received chemotherapy or radiation therapy

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Cyclophosphamide. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• TNF-blocking medicines (eg, etanercept) because the risk of certain types of cancer may be increased


• Doxorubicin or trastuzumab because the risk of heart-related side effects and toxicity may be increased


• Imidazoles (eg, ketoconazole) or phenobarbital because they may increase the risk of Cyclophosphamide's side effects


• Ondansetron because it may decrease Cyclophosphamide's effectiveness


• Succinylcholine because its actions and the risk of its side effects may be increased by Cyclophosphamide


• Indomethacin because the risk of its side effects may be increased by Cyclophosphamide


• Digoxin because its effectiveness may be decreased by Cyclophosphamide

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Cyclophosphamide may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Cyclophosphamide:

Use Cyclophosphamide as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Cyclophosphamide is usually given as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you will be using Cyclophosphamide at home, a health care provider will teach you how to use it. Be sure you understand how to use Cyclophosphamide. Follow the procedures you are taught when you use a dose. Contact your health care provider if you have any questions.


• Do not use Cyclophosphamide if it contains particles, is cloudy or discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged.


• If you experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or loss of appetite, contact your doctor to discuss ways to reduce these side effects.


• Drinking extra fluids and emptying your bladder regularly while you are taking Cyclophosphamide is recommended. Check with your doctor for instructions.


• Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Ask your health care provider how to dispose of these materials after use. Follow all local rules for disposal.


• If you miss a dose of Cyclophosphamide, contact your doctor right away.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Cyclophosphamide.

Important safety information:

• Cyclophosphamide may reduce the number of clot-forming cells (platelets) in your blood. Avoid activities that may cause bruising or injury. Tell your doctor if you have unusual bruising or bleeding. Tell your doctor if you have dark, tarry, or bloody stools.


• Cyclophosphamide may lower the ability of your body to fight infection. Avoid contact with people who have colds or infections. Tell your doctor if you notice signs of infection like fever, sore throat, rash, or chills.


• Tell your doctor or dentist that you take Cyclophosphamide before you receive any medical or dental care, emergency care, or surgery.


• Cyclophosphamide may decrease your body's ability to heal wounds. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.


• Cyclophosphamide may increase your chance of developing a second cancer, sometimes even years after stopping treatment with Cyclophosphamide. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.


• Cyclophosphamide may cause infertility that is sometimes permanent. Discuss any questions or concerns with your doctor.


• Check with your doctor before receiving any vaccinations while you are using Cyclophosphamide.


• The use of birth control is recommended while using Cyclophosphamide.


• Lab tests, including complete blood cell counts, platelet counts, and urine tests, may be performed while you use Cyclophosphamide. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Use Cyclophosphamide with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Cyclophosphamide has been shown to cause harm to the fetus. Do not become pregnant while you are using it. If you think you may be pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Cyclophosphamide while you are pregnant. Cyclophosphamide is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Cyclophosphamide.

Possible side effects of Cyclophosphamide:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Appetite loss; absence of menstrual periods; color change in skin; diarrhea; general unwell feeling; hair loss; nausea; skin rash; stomach discomfort or pain; texture change in nails; vomiting; weakness.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); blood in urine; bloody or black tarry stools; chest pain; chills; fever; hallucinations; increased or decreased urination; infection; lower back or abdominal pain; pain, swelling, or redness at the injection site; painful urination; persistent cough; pneumonia; red, swollen, or blistered skin; seizures; severe stomach pain; shortness of breath; sore throat; sores in the mouth; swelling of the hands or feet; unusual bruising or bleeding; unusual or severe tiredness or weakness; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Cyclophosphamide side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately. Symptoms may include back or stomach pain; fast heartbeat; red or bloody urine; weakness.

Proper storage of Cyclophosphamide:

Cyclophosphamide is usually handled and stored by a health care provider. If you are using Cyclophosphamide at home, store Cyclophosphamide as directed by your pharmacist or health care provider. Keep Cyclophosphamide out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Cyclophosphamide, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Cyclophosphamide is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Cyclophosphamide. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Cyclophosphamide resources

• Cyclophosphamide Side Effects (in more detail)
• Cyclophosphamide Dosage
• Cyclophosphamide Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Cyclophosphamide Drug Interactions
• Cyclophosphamide Support Group
• 4 Reviews for Cyclophosphamide - Add your own review/rating

• Cyclophosphamide Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Cyclophosphamide Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Cyclophosphamide Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• cyclophosphamide oral/injection Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)


• cyclophosphamide Oral, Intravenous Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Cytoxan Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Cyclophosphamide with other medications

• Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia
• Bladder Cancer
• Brain Tumor
• Breast Cancer
• Bullous Pemphigoid
• Cancer
• Cervical Cancer
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
• Cogan's Syndrome
• Dermatomyositis
• Endometrial Cancer
• Ewing's Sarcoma
• Histiocytosis
• Hodgkin's Lymphoma
• IgA Nephropathy
• Multiple Myeloma
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Mycosis Fungoides
• Nephrotic Syndrome
• Neuroblastoma
• Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
• Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
• Organ Transplant, Rejection Prophylaxis
• Osteosarcoma
• Ovarian Cancer
• Pemphigoid
• Pemphigus
• Prostate Cancer
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Boots Bite and Sting Relief Liquid

1. Name Of The Medicinal Product

After Bite, Boots Bite and Sting Relief Liquid.

2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition

After Bite contains Strong Ammonia Solution BP corresponding to 3.5% w/v ammonia.

3. Pharmaceutical Form

Topical emulsion for cutaneous application.

4. Clinical Particulars

4.1 Therapeutic Indications

Relief from insect bites, including mosquitoes, horse flies, and relief from stings including wasps, bees, jellyfish and nettles.

4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration

Cutaneous administration.

For adults and children over 2 years old

Apply as required. Rub applicator on affected area. Prompt use gives maximum relief. If itching persists repeat the application. Do not bandage or cover tightly until dry.

Daub After Bite directly on the bite or sting. Apply promptly to the bite for best results. If itching persists or recurs, repeat application. Replace cap after each use.

4.3 Contraindications

After Bite is contraindicated in individuals with known hypersensitivity to ammonia.

4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use

Keep out of reach of children. For external use only. If swallowed do not induce vomiting. Drink milk and citrus juices and consult a doctor.

If rash, redness, irritation, swelling or pain increases or worsen after application, discontinue use and seek medical advice.

Avoid mouth or eyes. If this should occur rinse well with water.

The insect bite should be left exposed to the air for a brief period of time after application to aid in evaporation of ammonia.

The label shall state: Contains strong ammonia solution.

4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction

None known.

4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation

None known for the use of topical ammonia solution.

4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines

None stated.

4.8 Undesirable Effects

Frequency not known: rash, redness, irritation, swelling or pain may increase following application of this product (see section 4.4).

4.9 Overdose

Not applicable.

5. Pharmacological Properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties

Strong ammonia solution is known to have the property of a counter-irritant.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties

There are no relevant pharmacokinetics for strong ammonia solution used as a counter-irritant.

5.3 Preclinical Safety Data

After Bite contains strong ammonia solution which is a known counter irritant. Specific toxicology studies have not been conducted to demonstrate the safety of this product.

6. Pharmaceutical Particulars

6.1 List Of Excipients

Mineral oil

Alcohol ethoxylate

Dimethylpolysiloxane

Purified water

6.2 Incompatibilities

None known.

6.3 Shelf Life

36 months.

6.4 Special Precautions For Storage

Store below 25^o C.

6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container

High density polyethylene vial having a low density polyethylene friction fit applicator tip with a screw cap moulded of polypropylene with a fill capacity of 14.8 ml and filled to contain 14 ml.

6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling

No special instructions. See Section 4.4.

7. Marketing Authorisation Holder

Tender Limited

Netqubate Business Centre

72-73 Bartholomew Street

Newbury

Berkshire

RG14 5DU

8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)

PL 15536/0001

9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation

11 November 1998 / 11 November 2003

10. Date Of Revision Of The Text

8 June 2009.

11 DOSIMETRY (IF APPLICABLE)

12 INSTRUCTIONS FOR PREPARATION OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS (IF APPLICABLE)

K-Lyte/Ci

Generic Name: potassium supplement (Oral route, Parenteral route)

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Effer-K


• Glu-K


• K+Care ET


• K-Lyte


• K-Lyte Cl


• K-Tab


• Potassimin


• Tri-K


• Urocit-K 10

In Canada

• K-10 Solution


• Kaochlor 10


• Kaochlor 20


• Kaon


• K-Lor


• K-Lyte/Ci


• Potassium Chloride


• Potassium-Rougier


• Roychlor

Available Dosage Forms:

• Tablet, Effervescent


• Solution


• Capsule


• Tablet, Extended Release


• Powder for Suspension, Extended Release


• Tablet


• Powder for Suspension


• Liquid


• Elixir


• Granule


• Capsule, Extended Release


• Powder for Solution

Uses For K-Lyte/Ci

Potassium is needed to maintain good health. Although a balanced diet usually supplies all the potassium a person needs, potassium supplements may be needed by patients who do not have enough potassium in their regular diet or have lost too much potassium because of illness or treatment with certain medicines.

There is no evidence that potassium supplements are useful in the treatment of high blood pressure.

Lack of potassium may cause muscle weakness, irregular heartbeat, mood changes, or nausea and vomiting.

Injectable potassium is administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor. Some forms of oral potassium may be available in stores without a prescription. Since too much potassium may cause health problems, you should take potassium supplements only if directed by your doctor.

Importance of Diet

For good health, it is important that you eat a balanced and varied diet. Follow carefully any diet program your health care professional may recommend. For your specific dietary vitamin and/or mineral needs, ask your health care professional for a list of appropriate foods.

The following table includes some potassium-rich foods.

Food (amount)	Milligrams of potassium	Milliequivalents of potassium
Acorn squash, cooked (1 cup)	896	23
Potato with skin, baked (1 long)	844	22
Spinach, cooked (1 cup)	838	21
Lentils, cooked (1 cup)	731	19
Kidney beans, cooked (1 cup)	713	18
Split peas, cooked (1 cup)	710	18
White navy beans, cooked (1 cup)	669	17
Butternut squash, cooked (1 cup)	583	15
Watermelon (1/16)	560	14
Raisins (½ cup)	553	14
Yogurt, low-fat, plain (1 cup)	531	14
Orange juice, frozen (1 cup)	503	13
Brussel sprouts, cooked (1 cup)	494	13
Zucchini, cooked, sliced (1 cup)	456	12
Banana (medium)	451	12
Collards, frozen, cooked (1 cup)	427	11
Cantaloupe (¼)	412	11
Milk, low-fat 1% (1 cup)	348	9
Broccoli, frozen, cooked (1 cup)	332	9

The daily amount of potassium needed is defined in several different ways.

• For U.S.—


• Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are the amount of vitamins and minerals needed to provide for adequate nutrition in most healthy persons. RDAs for a given nutrient may vary depending on a person's age, sex, and physical condition (e.g., pregnancy).


• Daily Values (DVs) are used on food and dietary supplement labels to indicate the percent of the recommended daily amount of each nutrient that a serving provides. DV replaces the previous designation of United States Recommended Daily Allowances (USRDAs).

• For Canada—


• Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) are used to determine the amounts of vitamins, minerals, and protein needed to provide adequate nutrition and lessen the risk of chronic disease.

Because lack of potassium is rare, there is no RDA or RNI for this mineral. However, it is thought that 1600 to 2000 mg (40 to 50 milliequivalents [mEq]) per day for adults is adequate.

Remember:

• The total amount of potassium that you get every day includes what you get from food and what you may take as a supplement. Read the labels of processed foods. Many foods now have added potassium.


• Your total intake of potassium should not be greater than the recommended amounts, unless ordered by your doctor. In some cases, too much potassium may cause muscle weakness, confusion, irregular heartbeat, or difficult breathing.

Before Using K-Lyte/Ci

If you are taking a dietary supplement without a prescription, carefully read and follow any precautions on the label. For these supplements, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to medicines in this group or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Although there is no specific information comparing use of potassium supplements in children with use in other age groups, they are not expected to cause different side effects or problems in children than they do in adults.

Geriatric

Many medicines have not been studied specifically in older people. Therefore, it may not be known whether they work exactly the same way they do in younger adults. Although there is no specific information comparing use of potassium supplements in the elderly with use in other age groups, they are not expected to cause different side effects or problems in older people than they do in younger adults.

Older adults may be at a greater risk of developing high blood levels of potassium (hyperkalemia).

Pregnancy

Potassium supplements have not been shown to cause problems in humans.

Breast Feeding

Potassium supplements pass into breast milk. However, this medicine has not been reported to cause problems in nursing babies.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking any of these dietary supplements, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using dietary supplements in this class with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with dietary supplements in this class or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Amantadine


• Atropine


• Belladonna


• Belladonna Alkaloids


• Benztropine


• Biperiden


• Clidinium


• Darifenacin


• Dicyclomine


• Eplerenone


• Glycopyrrolate


• Hyoscyamine


• Methscopolamine


• Oxybutynin


• Procyclidine


• Scopolamine


• Solifenacin


• Tolterodine


• Trihexyphenidyl

Using dietary supplements in this class with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Alacepril


• Amiloride


• Benazepril


• Canrenoate


• Captopril


• Cilazapril


• Delapril


• Enalaprilat


• Enalapril Maleate


• Fosinopril


• Imidapril


• Indomethacin


• Lisinopril


• Moexipril


• Pentopril


• Perindopril


• Quinapril


• Ramipril


• Spirapril


• Spironolactone


• Temocapril


• Trandolapril


• Triamterene


• Zofenopril

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of dietary supplements in this class. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Addison's disease (underactive adrenal glands) or


• Dehydration (excessive loss of body water, continuing or severe)


• Type 2 diabetes mellitus or


• Kidney disease—Potassium supplements may increase the risk of hyperkalemia (high blood levels of potassium), which may worsen or cause heart problems in patients with these conditions.

• Diarrhea (continuing or severe)—The loss of fluid in combination with potassium supplements may cause kidney problems, which may increase the risk of hyperkalemia (high blood levels of potassium).

• Heart disease—Potassium supplements may make this condition worse.

• Intestinal or esophageal blockage—Potassium supplements may damage the intestines.

• Stomach ulcer—Potassium supplements may make this condition worse.

Proper Use of potassium supplement

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain potassium supplement. It may not be specific to K-Lyte/Ci. Please read with care.

For patients taking the liquid form of this medicine:

• This medicine must be diluted in at least one-half glass (4 ounces) of cold water or juice to reduce its possible stomach-irritating or laxative effect.


• If you are on a salt (sodium)-restricted diet, check with your doctor before using tomato juice to dilute your medicine. Tomato juice has a high salt content.

For patients taking the soluble granule, soluble powder, or soluble tablet form of this medicine:

• This medicine must be completely dissolved in at least one-half glass (4 ounces) of cold water or juice to reduce its possible stomach-irritating or laxative effect.


• Allow any "fizzing" to stop before taking the dissolved medicine.


• If you are on a salt (sodium)-restricted diet, check with your doctor before using tomato juice to dilute your medicine. Tomato juice has a high salt content.

For patients taking the extended-release tablet form of this medicine:

• Swallow the tablets whole with a full (8-ounce) glass of water. Do not chew or suck on the tablet.


• Some tablets may be broken or crushed and sprinkled on applesauce or other soft food. However, check with your doctor or pharmacist first, since this should not be done for most tablets.


• If you have trouble swallowing tablets or if they seem to stick in your throat, check with your doctor. When this medicine is not properly released, it can cause irritation that may lead to ulcers.

For patients taking the extended-release capsule form of this medicine:

• Do not crush or chew the capsule. Swallow the capsule whole with a full (8-ounce) glass of water.


• Some capsules may be opened and the contents sprinkled on applesauce or other soft food. However, check with your doctor or pharmacist first, since this should not be done for most capsules.

Take this medicine immediately after meals or with food to lessen possible stomach upset or laxative action.

Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. This is especially important if you are also taking both diuretics (water pills) and digitalis medicines for your heart.

Dosing

The dose medicines in this class will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of these medicines. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For potassium bicarbonate


• For oral dosage forms (tablets for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—25 to 50 milliequivalents (mEq) dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

• For potassium bicarbonate and potassium chloride


• For oral dosage form (granules for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20 milliequivalents (mEq) dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  


• For oral dosage form (tablets for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20, 25, or 50 mEq dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

• For potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate


• For oral dosage form (tablets for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—25 or 50 milliequivalents (mEq) dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

• For potassium chloride


• For long-acting oral dosage form (extended-release capsules):
  
  • To replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—40 to 100 milliequivalents (mEq) a day, divided into two or three smaller doses during the day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
  
  
  • To prevent potassium loss:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—16 to 24 mEq a day, divided into two or three smaller doses during the day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  


• For long-acting oral dosage forms (liquid for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20 mEq mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken one to four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 1 to 3 mEq of potassium per kilogram (kg) (0.45 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. The solution should be well mixed in water or juice.
    
    
  
  


• For oral dosage form (powder for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—15 to 25 mEq dissolved in four to six ounces of cold water, taken two or four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 1 to 3 mEq per kg (0.45 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. The solution should be mixed into water or juice.
    
    
  
  


• For oral dosage form (powder for suspension):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20 mEq dissolved in two to six ounces of cold water, taken one to five times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  


• For long-acting oral dosage form (extended-release tablets):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—6.7 to 20 mEq taken three times a day. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  


• For oral dosage form (liquid for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20 milliequivalents (mEq) mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken two to four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight a day, taken in smaller doses during the day. The solution should be completely mixed into water or juice.
    
    
  
  


• For oral dosage form (tablets):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—5 to 10 mEq taken two to four times a day. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

• For potassium gluconate and potassium chloride


• For oral dosage form (liquid for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20 milliequivalents (mEq) diluted in 2 tablespoonfuls or more of cold water or juice, taken two to four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. The solution should be well mixed into water or juice.
    
    
  
  


• For oral dosage form (powder for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20 mEq mixed in 2 tablespoonfuls or more of cold water or juice taken two to four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is base on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kg (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. The solution should be well mixed into water or juice.
    
    
  
  

• For potassium gluconate and potassium citrate


• For oral dosage form (liquid for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—20 milliequivalents (mEq) mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken two to four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kg (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. The solution should be well mixed into water or juice.
    
    
  
  

• For trikates


• For oral dosage form (liquid for solution):
  
  • To prevent potassium loss or replace potassium lost by the body:
    
    • Adults and teenagers—15 milliequivalents (mEq) mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken three or four times a day. Your doctor may change the dose if needed. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. The solution should be well mixed into water or juice.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Keep out of the reach of children.

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Precautions While Using K-Lyte/Ci

Your doctor should check your progress at regular visits to make sure the medicine is working properly and that possible side effects are avoided. Laboratory tests may be necessary.

Do not use salt substitutes, eat low-sodium foods, especially some breads and canned foods, or drink low-sodium milk unless you are told to do so by your doctor, since these products may contain potassium. It is important to read the labels carefully on all low-sodium food products.

Check with your doctor before starting any physical exercise program, especially if you are out of condition and are taking any other medicine. Exercise and certain medicines may increase the amount of potassium in the blood.

Check with your doctor at once if you notice blackish stools or other signs of stomach or intestinal bleeding. This medicine may cause such a condition to become worse, especially when taken in tablet form.

K-Lyte/Ci Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Stop taking this medicine and check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Less common

• Confusion


• irregular or slow heartbeat


• numbness or tingling in hands, feet, or lips


• shortness of breath or difficult breathing


• unexplained anxiety


• unusual tiredness or weakness


• weakness or heaviness of legs

Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:

Rare

• Abdominal or stomach pain, cramping, or soreness (continuing)


• chest or throat pain, especially when swallowing


• stools with signs of blood (red or black color)

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Diarrhea


• nausea


• stomach pain, discomfort, or gas (mild)


• vomiting

Sometimes you may see what appears to be a whole tablet in the stool after taking certain extended-release potassium chloride tablets. This is to be expected. Your body has absorbed the potassium from the tablet and the shell is then expelled.

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

Alvimopan

Pronunciation: AL-vi-MOE-pan
Generic Name: Alvimopan
Brand Name: Entereg

Alvimopan is only approved for use in patients who are in the hospital. Only hospitals enrolled in the Entereg Access Support and Education (E.A.S.E) program may dispense Alvimopan to patients.

Alvimopan is for short-term use after bowel resection surgery only. Patients should not receive more than 15 doses of Alvimopan or use it for longer than 7 days.

Alvimopan is used for:

Shortening recovery time in certain patients who have had bowel resection surgery.

Alvimopan is an opioid receptor blocker. It works in the stomach and bowel to block the effects of opioids and certain substances found in the body. This helps to keep stomach and bowel muscles moving properly.

Do NOT use Alvimopan if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Alvimopan


• you will be having surgery for complete bowel obstruction


• you have severe liver problems or end-stage kidney disease


• you have taken an opioid (eg, codeine) regularly for the past 7 days

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Alvimopan:

Some medical conditions may interact with Alvimopan. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have bowel blockage or a history of liver or kidney problems


• if you take or have taken opioids for chronic pain or any other medical condition


• if you have taken more than 3 doses of an opioid within the past week

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Alvimopan. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Opioids (eg, codeine) because side effects such as nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea may be more likely to occur

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Alvimopan may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Alvimopan:

Use Alvimopan as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Alvimopan should be used only in the hospital. Do not take Alvimopan if you are not in the hospital.


• Take Alvimopan by mouth with or without food.


• If you miss a dose of Alvimopan, contact your doctor right away.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Alvimopan.

Important safety information:

• Do not take more than 15 doses of Alvimopan. Do not take Alvimopan for longer than 7 days.


• If you have recently taken an opioid, you may be more sensitive to the effects of Alvimopan. You may develop nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, or diarrhea. Tell your doctor if these effects are severe or persistent.


• The risk of side effects (eg, diarrhea, stomach or intestinal pain or cramping) may be greater in Japanese patients. Tell your doctor if any of these effects occur.


• Lab tests, including blood counts and potassium levels, may be performed while you use Alvimopan. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Alvimopan should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Alvimopan while you are pregnant. It is not known if Alvimopan is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you use Alvimopan, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Alvimopan:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Constipation; gas; indigestion.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); chest pain, numbness of an arm or leg, fainting, or sudden, severe headache or vomiting; fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat; muscle cramps, pain, or weakness; severe or persistent diarrhea, stomach pain, or stomach cramps; trouble urinating or inability to urinate; unusual tiredness or weakness.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Alvimopan side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Alvimopan:

Store Alvimopan at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Alvimopan out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Alvimopan, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Alvimopan is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Alvimopan. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Alvimopan resources

• Alvimopan Side Effects (in more detail)
• Alvimopan Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Alvimopan Drug Interactions
• Alvimopan Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Alvimopan - Add your own review/rating

• Alvimopan Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Alvimopan Monograph (AHFS DI)


• alvimopan Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Entereg Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Entereg Consumer Overview

Compare Alvimopan with other medications

• Gastrointestinal Surgery
• Postoperative Ileus

Kayexalate

Generic Name: sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Oral route)

SOE-dee-um pol-ee-STYE-reen SUL-foe-nate

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Kayexalate


• Kionex

In Canada

• Pms-Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

Available Dosage Forms:

• Suspension


• Powder for Suspension

Therapeutic Class: Exchange Resin

Uses For Kayexalate

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat high levels of potassium in the blood, also called hyperkalemia.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Kayexalate

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in the pediatric population. However, pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of this medicine in children are not expected.

This medicine should be used with caution in newborn infants who have reduced or slow bowel movements. The oral form should not be given to newborn infants.

Geriatric

No information is available on the relationship of age to the effects of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in geriatric patients.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Sorbitol

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Aluminum Carbonate, Basic


• Aluminum Hydroxide


• Aluminum Phosphate


• Calcium


• Calcium Carbonate


• Dihydroxyaluminum Aminoacetate


• Dihydroxyaluminum Sodium Carbonate


• Levothyroxine


• Magaldrate


• Magnesium Carbonate


• Magnesium Hydroxide


• Magnesium Oxide


• Magnesium Trisilicate

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Bowel blockage or


• Hypokalemia (low potassium in the blood)—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

• Congestive heart failure, severe or


• Edema (fluid retention) or


• Heart rhythm problems (e.g., arrhythmia, QT prolongation) or


• Hypertension (high blood pressure), severe or


• Hypocalcemia (low calcium in the blood) or


• Hypomagnesemia (low magnesium in the blood) or


• Stomach or bowel problems (e.g., bleeding, colitis, constipation, perforation)—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

Proper Use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain sodium polystyrene sulfonate. It may not be specific to Kayexalate. Please read with care.

Take this medicine only as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered.

This medicine comes as a liquid suspension and as a powder that is mixed with water or syrup. If you or your child are not able to swallow the liquid, the medicine can be put in the stomach with a special tube. Talk to your doctor if you have questions about this.

Your doctor will tell you how to mix the powder with water or syrup. Each dose of the powder must be mixed with a liquid right before you take it. Stir the powder mixture to dissolve the medicine. Do not store the liquid mixture to take later.

Measure the liquid suspension with a marked measuring spoon, oral syringe, or medicine cup. Shake the bottle of medicine well just before taking each dose.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage form (powder, suspension):
  
  • For treatment of hyperkalemia:
    
    • Adults—15 grams one to four times a day.
    
    
    • Children and infants—Dose is based on potassium blood level and must be determined by your doctor.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using Kayexalate

It is very important that your doctor check you or your child closely to make sure that this medicine is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Hypokalemia (low potassium in the blood) may occur while you are using this medicine. Check with your doctor right away if you have the following symptoms: confusion, dry mouth, increased thirst, irregular heartbeat, irritability, muscle cramps, nausea or vomiting, or shortness of breath.

If you are taking aluminum or magnesium-containing antacids or laxatives, talk to your doctor first before using them together with sodium polystyrene sulfonate. These medicines may keep sodium polystyrene sulfonate from working properly and may cause serious side effects.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

Kayexalate Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

Rare

• Bloody vomit


• chest pain


• cough


• cough producing mucus


• difficulty with breathing


• fever or chills


• severe stomach pain


• shortness of breath


• sneezing


• sore throat


• tightness in the chest


• troubled breathing


• wheezing

Incidence not known

• Abdominal or stomach cramps or pain


• confusion


• constipation


• convulsions


• decrease in the amount of urine


• diarrhea


• dry mouth


• increased thirst


• irregular heartbeats


• loss of appetite


• muscle cramps in the hands, arms, feet, legs, or face


• nausea or vomiting


• noisy, rattling breathing


• numbness and tingling around the mouth, fingertips, or feet


• severe constipation


• swelling of the fingers, hands, feet, or lower legs


• tremor


• troubled breathing at rest


• unusual tiredness or weakness


• weight gain


• weight loss

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:

Symptoms of overdose

• Dizziness


• drowsiness


• fainting


• fast, slow, or irregular heartbeat


• lightheadedness


• muscle cramps


• muscle spasms (tetany) or twitching


• pounding or rapid pulse


• seizures


• trembling

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: Kayexalate side effects (in more detail)

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

More Kayexalate resources

• Kayexalate Side Effects (in more detail)
• Kayexalate Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Kayexalate Drug Interactions
• Kayexalate Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Kayexalate - Add your own review/rating

• Kayexalate Concise Consumer Information (Cerner Multum)


• Kayexalate Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Kayexalate Powder MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Kionex Prescribing Information (FDA)

Compare Kayexalate with other medications

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Lyme Disease, Neurologic Medications

Drugs associated with Lyme Disease, Neurologic

The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Lyme Disease, Neurologic. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.

Drug List:

Ala-Tet

Amoxil

Beepen-Vk

Bicillin-L-A-Suspension

Claforan

Dispermox

Doryx-Delayed-Release-Capsules

Doxy-100

Doxy-200

Permapen-Isoject

Monodox

Ocudox-Convenience-Kit

Oraxyl

Pc-Pen-Vk

Pen-V

Penicillin-G-Procaine-Injectable-Suspension

Penicillin-Vk

Pfizerpen

Rocephin

Sumycin

Trimox

Veetids

Vibra-Tabs

Vibramycin

Sumavel DosePro injection

Generic Name: sumatriptan (injection) (soo ma TRIP tan)

Brand Names: Alsuma, Imitrex, Imitrex Statdose, Imitrex Statdose Refill, Sumavel DosePro Needle-free System

What is sumatriptan injection?

Sumatriptan is a headache medicine that narrows blood vessels around the brain. Sumatriptan also reduces substances in the body that can trigger headache pain, nausea, sensitivity to light and sound, and other migraine symptoms.

Sumatriptan is used to treat migraine headaches and cluster headaches. Sumatriptan will only treat a headache that has already begun. It will not prevent headaches or reduce the number of attacks.

Sumatriptan should not be used to treat a common tension headache, a headache that causes loss of movement on one side of your body, or any headache that seems to be different from your usual migraine headaches. Use this medication only if your condition has been confirmed by a doctor as migraine headaches.

Sumatriptan may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

What is the most important information I should know about sumatriptan injection?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to sumatriptan, if you have any history of heart disease, or if you have coronary heart disease, angina, blood circulation problems, lack of blood supply to the heart, uncontrolled high blood pressure, severe liver disease, ischemic bowel disease, a history of a heart attack or stroke, or if your headache seems to be different from your usual migraine headaches. Do not use sumatriptan within 24 hours before or after using another migraine headache medicine, including sumatriptan tablets or nasal spray, almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), rizatriptan (Maxalt), naratriptan (Amerge), zolmitriptan (Zomig), or ergot medicine such as dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot, Migergot), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), or methylergonovine (Methergine). Do not use sumatriptan if you have used an MAO inhibitor such as furazolidone (Furoxone), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate) in the last 14 days.

Before using sumatriptan, tell your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease, seizures, high blood pressure, a heart rhythm disorder, or coronary heart disease (or risk factors such as diabetes, menopause, smoking, being overweight, having high cholesterol, having a family history of coronary artery disease, being older than 40 and a man, or being a woman who has had a hysterectomy).

Also tell your doctor if you are taking an antidepressant such as citalopram (Celexa), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), or venlafaxine (Effexor).

Sumatriptan will only treat a headache that has already begun. It will not prevent headaches or reduce the number of attacks.

After using a sumatriptan injection, you must wait one (1) hour before using a second injection. Do not use more than two injections in 24 hours.

What should I discuss with my health care provider before using sumatriptan injection?

You should not use this medication if you are allergic to sumatriptan, or if you have:

• 
  

  coronary heart disease, angina (chest pain), blood circulation problems, lack of blood supply to the heart;

  
  


• 
  

  a history of heart disease, heart attack, or stroke, including "mini-stroke";

  
  


• 
  

  severe or uncontrolled high blood pressure;

  
  


• severe liver disease;


• 
  

  ischemic bowel disease; or

  
  


• 
  

  a headache that seems different from your usual migraine headaches.

  
  

Do not use sumatriptan if you have used an MAO inhibitor such as furazolidone (Furoxone), isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar), or tranylcypromine (Parnate) in the last 14 days.

To make sure you can safely use sumatriptan, tell your doctor if you have any of these other conditions:

• liver disease;


• kidney disease;


• 
  

  epilepsy or other seizure disorder;

  
  


• 
  

  high blood pressure, a heart rhythm disorder; or

  
  


• 
  

  coronary heart disease (or risk factors such as diabetes, menopause, smoking, being overweight, having high cholesterol, having a family history of coronary artery disease, being older than 40 and a man, or being a woman who has had a hysterectomy).

  
  

FDA pregnancy category C. It is not known whether sumatriptan will harm an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant while using this medication.

Your name may need to be listed on a sumatriptan pregnancy registry when you start using this medication.

Sumatriptan can pass into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not breast-feed within 12 hours after using a sumatriptan injection. If you use a breast pump during this time, throw out any milk you collect. Do not feed it to your baby. This medicine should not be given to anyone under 18 or over 65 years of age.

How should I use sumatriptan injection?

Use exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not use in larger or smaller amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label. Overuse of migraine headache medicine can actually make your headaches worse.

Sumatriptan is injected under the skin. You may be shown how to use injections at home. Do not self inject this medicine if you do not fully understand how to give the injection and properly dispose of used needles and syringes.

This medication comes with patient instructions for safe and effective use. Follow these directions carefully. Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions.

Use sumatriptan as soon as you notice headache symptoms, or after an attack has already begun.

Your doctor may want to give your first dose of this medicine in a hospital or clinic setting to see if you have any serious side effects.

Sumatriptan injection comes in a vial (bottle), in a prefilled cartridge to be loaded into an auto-injector syringe (Imitrex Statdose), or in a needle-free injector device (Sumavel DosePro Needle-free System). Each vial, cartridge, or needle-free device is for one use only.

After using an injection: If your headache does not completely go away after the injection, call your doctor before using a second sumatriptan injection. If your headache goes away and then comes back, you may use a second injection if it has been at least one hour since your first injection. Do not use more than two (2) injections in 24 hours. If your symptoms do not improve, contact your doctor before using any more injections.

Store at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date on the label has passed.

What happens if I miss a dose?

Since sumatriptan is used as needed, it does not have a daily dosing schedule. Call your doctor promptly if your symptoms do not improve after using sumatriptan.

After using a sumatriptan injection, you must wait one (1) hour before using a second injection. Do not use more than two (2) injections in 24 hours.

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222.

Overdose symptoms may include tremors or shaking, skin redness, breathing problems, blue-colored lips or fingernails, vision problems, watery eyes or mouth, weakness, lack of coordination, or seizure (convulsions).

What should I avoid while using sumatriptan injection?

Do not use sumatriptan within 24 hours before or after using another migraine headache medicine, including:

• 
  

  sumatriptan tablets or nasal spray, almotriptan (Axert), eletriptan (Relpax), frovatriptan (Frova), naratriptan (Amerge), rizatriptan (Maxalt, Maxalt-MLT), or zolmitriptan (Zomig); or

  
  


• 
  

  ergot medicine such as dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), ergotamine (Ergomar, Cafergot, Migergot), dihydroergotamine (D.H.E. 45, Migranal), or methylergonovine (Methergine).

  
  

Sumatriptan may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be alert.

Sumatriptan injection side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using sumatriptan and call your doctor if you have a serious side effect such as:

• 
  

  feeling of pain or tightness in your jaw, neck, or throat;

  
  


• 
  

  chest pain or heavy feeling, pain spreading to the arm or shoulder, nausea, sweating, general ill feeling;

  
  


• 
  

  sudden numbness or weakness, especially on one side of the body;

  
  


• 
  

  sudden severe headache, confusion, problems with vision, speech, or balance;

  
  


• 
  

  sudden and severe stomach pain and bloody diarrhea;

  
  


• 
  

  seizure (convulsions);

  
  


• 
  

  numbness or tingling and a pale or blue-colored appearance in your fingers or toes; or

  
  


• 
  

  (if you are also taking an antidepressant) -- agitation, hallucinations, fever, fast heart rate, overactive reflexes, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of coordination, fainting.

  
  

Less serious side effects may include:

• 
  

  mild headache (not a migraine);

  
  


• 
  

  pressure or heavy feeling in any part of your body;

  
  


• 
  

  discomfort in your nose or throat;

  
  


• 
  

  dizziness, spinning sensation;

  
  


• 
  

  muscle pain, neck pain or stiffness;

  
  


• 
  

  warmth, redness, or mild tingling under your skin; or

  
  


• 
  

  pain, redness, bleeding, swelling, or bruising where you injected the medicine.

  
  

This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

What other drugs will affect sumatriptan injection?

Tell your doctor about all other medicines you use, especially:

• 
  

  an antidepressant such as citalopram (Celexa), desvenlafaxine (Pristiq), duloxetine (Cymbalta), escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), fluvoxamine (Luvox), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), or venlafaxine (Effexor).

  
  

This list is not complete and other drugs may interact with sumatriptan. Tell your doctor about all medications you use. This includes prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, and herbal products. Do not start a new medication without telling your doctor.

More Sumavel DosePro resources

• Sumavel DosePro Side Effects (in more detail)
• Sumavel DosePro Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Sumavel DosePro Drug Interactions
• 14 Reviews for Sumavel DosePro - Add your own review/rating

Compare Sumavel DosePro with other medications

• Cluster Headaches
• Migraine

Where can I get more information?

• Your pharmacist can provide more information about sumatriptan.

See also: Sumavel DosePro side effects (in more detail)